This article is an introduction to the Raspberry Pi. Learn what a Raspberry Pi is and what you can use it for. Explore its features, set it up, and install the operating system.
Updated 27 November, 2025
Check all our Raspberry Pi tutorials and Projects here!
Introducing the Raspberry Pi
The Raspberry Pi is a small computer board about the size of a credit card. It was developed in the United Kingdom by the Raspberry Pi Foundation to promote basic computer science teaching in schools. Since its first general sale in 2012, more than 46 million Raspberry Pi boards have been sold by February 2022.
The Raspberry Pi has become tremendously popular among kids and electronics hobbyists, experienced makers, tinkerers, and even computer scientists.
The Raspberry Pi is hackable and small. So, it’s the perfect solution for tinkerers!
Note: The Raspberry Pi board used to cost around 35$. However, increasing demand, constraints in the supply chain, and a shortage of chips caused the Raspberry Pi price to skyrocket to more than 150$. Additionally, in many cases, you may need to wait a lot to get one.
Raspberry Pi (Desktop Computer vs Headless)
In some way, you can look at the Raspberry Pi like a normal computer, it has a processor, RAM, USB ports to plug a keyboard and a mouse, an HDMI port to plug a TV or monitor, and you can even connect it to the internet.
You can do most things you do with a regular computer like web browsing, document editing, playing games, coding, and much more. The figure below shows the Raspberry Pi 3 set up as a desktop computer.
Raspberry Pi Headless
However, you don’t even need those accessories (mouse, keyboard, and monitor) if you don’t want to set it as a Desktop computer. It can run headless and you can control it remotely using Linux commands via a Terminal after establishing an SSH connection, for example.
Raspberry Pi GPIOs
The Raspberry Pi board has one special feature that normal computers don’t: General Purpose Input Output (GPIOs) Pins. These GPIOs let you interact with the real world allowing you to build great electronics projects. Inputs can read data from sensors. Output signals can be sent to actuators to turn something on and off.
To learn more about the Raspberry Pi GPIOs, read our Pinout Guide: Raspberry Pi Pinout Guide: How to use the Raspberry Pi GPIOs?
Applications for Your Raspberry Pi
There are no limits to what you can do with your Raspberry Pi. Here are just some examples:
- Write your own programs;
- Create your own electronics projects;
- Build your own web server;
- Build a home automation system;
- Use it as a local server for Home Automation applications;
- Set it up as a gateway for your IoT projects;
- Use it as a private cloud storage;
- Host an MQTT broker;
- Build a retro gaming console;
- Use your Pi as a desktop computer;
- Make your own CCTV system;
- Robotics;
- And much more.
You can also read our article dedicated to Raspberry Pi uses: 11 Clever Uses for Your Raspberry Pi
Learn more about the Raspberry Pi with our tutorials.
Different Raspberry Pi Boards
There are different releases of the Raspberry Pi board. Here’s a list of the most relevant:
- February 2012: Raspberry Pi 1 Model B (Rev. 1)
- April 2012: Raspberry Pi 1 Model B (Rev. 2)
- February 2013: Raspberry Pi 1 Model A
- July 2014: Raspberry Pi 1 Model B+
- November 2014: Raspberry Pi 1 Model A+
- February 2015: Raspberry Pi 2 Model B
- November 2015: Raspberry Pi Zero
- February 2016: Raspberry Pi 3 Model B
- February 2017: Raspberry Pi Zero W
- 2016: Raspberry Pi 3 Model B
- March 2018: Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+
- June 2019: Raspberry Pi 4 Model B
- October 2023: Raspberry Pi 5
If you don’t have a Raspberry Pi board yet, we recommend getting a Raspberry Pi 5 (preferable), Raspberry Pi 4 or a Raspberry Pi 3 B+.
Raspberry Pi 5 Features
| Architecture | ARM v8-A 64-bit |
| SoC | Broadcom BCM2712 |
| CPU | 2.4 GHz 64-bit quad-core ARM Cortex-A76 |
| RAM | 4GB or 8GB LPDDR4X-4267 SDRAM (depending on the model) |
| Wireless LAN | Dual-band 802.11ac Wi-Fi |
| Bluetooth | Bluetooth 5.0 and BLE |
| Supports PoE | Yes (requires separate PoE HAT) |
| GPIOs | 40 |
| Ports | 2x micro HDMI 3.5 mm analog audio-video jack 2x USB 3.0, and 2x USB 2.0 Gigabit Ethernet |
| Camera Interfaces | 2 × 4-lane MIPI camera/display transceivers |
| Display Interfaces | 2 × 4-lane MIPI camera/display transceivers |
| Where to Buy? | Get a Raspberry Pi Official Raspberry Pi Website |
Exploring the Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Board
The figure below shows the Raspberry Pi 5 Model B annotated—most models are similar despite some small differences in the available ports.
Here’s a glance at some of the components of the Raspberry Pi:
- USB ports: to connect a mouse, a keyboard, or other peripherals. It comes with two USB 3.0 and two USB 2.0 ports;
- Ethernet port: to connect to the internet using an Ethernet cable;
- DSI/CSI connectors: to connect a display or a camera with a CSI ribbon; you can have one of each, or two displays or two cameras;
- HDMI connector: to connect a monitor or TV;
- Processor: is the brain of the Raspberry Pi;
- MicroSD card slot (under the PCI express interface): to insert a microSD card to store your files and your operating system;
- USB-C power jack: to power up your Pi;
- GPIOs (general purpose input output pins): connect devices to interact with the outside world like sensors and outputs like LEDs, relays, and motors.
Accessories You Need To Get Started
When you buy a Raspberry Pi board, you only get a bare electronic board that doesn’t do much on its own. You need several accessories to get started.
There are a lot of accessories for the Raspberry Pi, but you need at least a microSD card and a power supply. Without these accessories your Raspberry Pi is useless.
- Power supply: you need a power adapter that provides 2.5A 5V
- MicroSD card: we recommend getting a microSD card with at least 16GB, class 10. You need a microSD card to store your files and the Pi’s operating system. The Pi doesn’t have a hard drive*, so everything you do on your Pi is saved on the microSD card, even the operating system. You can get a microSD card with the operating system preloaded or install the operating system yourself (which we recommend).
* you can get an expansion board that lets you add a SATA hard disk drive (HDD) or solid-state drive (SSD).
There are also useful accessories you may consider getting like an HDMI cable to connect a monitor, and a Raspberry Pi case to protect your board. A spare mouse and keyboard can also be useful to set your Raspberry Pi as a desktop computer.
Getting a Raspberry Pi Starter Kit
If this is your first time around the Raspberry Pi, you may consider getting a Raspberry Pi starter kit that comes with the essential accessories to get started. You can also read our article about the Best Raspberry Pi 4 Starter Kits.
Installing the Operating System
There are several operating systems suitable for the Pi. The official distribution for the Raspberry Pi is Raspberry Pi OS, and that’s the one we recommend you install.
1) Start by connecting the microSD card to your computer.
2) Go to the Raspberry Pi Software page.
3) Select and download the Raspberry Pi Imager (a tool to flash the OS on the microSD card) for your computer’s operating system.
4) Click on the downloaded file to install the Raspberry Pi Imager.
5) When the installation is complete, the Raspberry Pi Imager will open.
6) Select the Raspberry Pi board you’re using.
7) Then, select the Operating System. For beginners, and for most scenarios, we recommend the Raspberry Pi OS (64-bit).
8) Choose the microSD card where you want to install the OS.
9) Next, choose a hostname for your board. It’s the name you’ll use to connect to your board via SSH later. We’re giving it the name raspberrypi5.
10) Set your location, time zone, and keyboard layout.
11) Then, you need to create a username and password to access your Raspberry Pi later on. Make sure you memorize or save this.
12) Set up Wi-Fi with your local network credentials. Don’t make any mistakes here. Otherwise, your Pi won’t be able to connect to your network, and you won’t be able to connect to the Pi via SSH.
13) Enable SSH with password authentication.
14) The following step is optional. You can set up Raspberry Pi Connect or not. For more information about Raspberry Pi Connect, click here.
15) Finally, click Next. You’ll be given an overview of your setup. Click Write to start the process.
16) After a few minutes, the process will be completed.
17) When the installation is complete. It will eject the microSD card safely.
18) Now, remove the card from your computer and insert it into your Pi. Then, apply power to the Raspberry Pi.
If you’re running the Raspberry Pi headless, you can establish an SSH connection with your Pi to install software, run programs, create folders, and files, etc.
- Learn how to establish an SSH connection with the Raspberry Pi
- Raspberry Pi Cheat Sheet with Basic Linux Commands.
Raspberry Pi GPIOs Pinout
The following figure shows the Raspberry Pi GPIOs pinout that you can use for future reference.
This pinout is the same for Raspberry Pi 5, Raspberry Pi 4, Raspberry Pi 3, Raspberry Pi 2 Model B, Raspberry Pi 1 Model A+, Raspberry Pi Model B+, Raspberry Pi Zero, and Raspberry Pi Zero W. Raspberry Pi 1 Model A and the Raspberry Pi 1 Model B Rev.2 only have the first 26 pins.
For a more detailed description of the Raspberry Pi Pinout, we recommend you reading the following article:
Learn more about physical computing with the Raspberry Pi with our beginner-friendly tutorials:
- Control Raspberry Pi Digital Outputs with Python (LED)
- Raspberry Pi: PWM Outputs with Python (Fading LED)
- Raspberry Pi: Read Analog Inputs with Python (MCP3008)
- Raspberry Pi: Read Digital Inputs with Python (Buttons and Other Peripherals)
Wrapping Up
We hope you’ve found this getting started guide useful. If you don’t have a Raspberry Pi yet, you’re missing out on some cool projects. So, check the best Raspberry Pi kit for you here.
You may also like other related getting started guides:
- Build a Home Automation System
- Install Raspberry Pi OS, Set Up Wi-Fi, Enable and Connect with SSH
- Install Node-RED on Raspberry Pi
- Install InfluxDB 2 on Raspberry Pi
Check all our Raspberry Pi Projects and Tutorials here!
Thanks for reading.
Good organized presentation, Rui. I was unaware that RPi would work with Mac
Thank you Bob,
I’m glad you found useful.
Yeah you can definitely prepare you SD Card with a Mac!
Dear Rui Santos,
I like your dedication, Thank you so much for this opportunity to learn, I am a very beginner at IoT I got a good Instructor, and Thanks to the Randomnerd tutorials team. It is helping a lot of students.
Once again thanks to Rui Santos.
thanks for great intro
You’re welcome rahul!
Rui this is one mighty generous move best of luck in all your endeavours.
Thank you Harish!
Hi Rui,
Excellent intro! Thank you!
I’m planning to buy the Ras Pi 2 with a starter kit. Did you try any of them or do you recommend any starter kit?
Thanks in advance.
Hi Mohamad,
Yes, you should get the RPi 2! They are great. Almost any starter kid will be perfect to get started!
I hope this helps,
-Rui
Thanks mate. Great write up.
You’re welcome Deniz!
Rui
I shall watch this one with interest.
Very useful for Beginners
Thanks Rui
Your amazing at what your do.
RandomNerdTutorial is really of great help to me when all seems to be going wrong.
Best of luck in your endeavors👍✌🏽
Thank you Rui for this good overview about the Raspberry Pi.
It push me to go forward and jump into that other world of controller with the Raspberry giving that I play a lot with Arduino and ESP.
Tanks for that excellent source of information that you and Sara are providing to us via Random Nerd.
Thank you.
Good start, Are you going to expand into user created applications with Python or other such language? Might we then need a PI category?
Hi.
At the moment, our plan is to start covering more about software that can run on Raspberry Pi and how to integrate with the ESP32/ESP8266, like Node-RED, InfluxDB, etc.
Regards,
Sara
Thank’s very much
It’s Wonderful
Now in 2025 having worked with the Pi 1,3 and 5 I can clearly say the Raspberry Pi is a piece of crap. The earlier models needed a new SD card just about every month (yes also with good quality SD cards).
I had hoped the Pi 5 would be a bit better, given you can start it up from M.2 memory, but it has other quircks. It is extremely sensitive to just about anything on the powerline, also if you have a 10 amp 5 Volt power supply. It is also overpriced. If you just want to use it as a server, so no real need for the I/O pins, you are better off buying a mini computer. Once you get the Pi5 and a good PSU plus M.2 memory+ssd + a fan and a case, you get to around the same price as a minicomputer that simply works